One connected learning library
Understanding starts here.
Explore the shared subject library with worked examples, self-checks and source references. Use the learning directory to see published topics and the remaining preparation roadmap.
9 subjects · 13 English learning guides in the library
Environmental Studies & Pedagogy
Connect everyday surroundings with observation, enquiry and explanation.
Child Development & Psychology
Understand how children learn, think and grow.
Pedagogy & Teaching
Connect learning principles with classroom practice.
Mathematics & Pedagogy
Build understanding through worked examples.
Languages & Language Pedagogy
Explore language, comprehension and communication.
Science & Pedagogy
Explore evidence, inquiry and scientific thinking.
Social Sciences & Pedagogy
Make connections between people, places and society.
Inclusive & Special Education
Design learning that welcomes every learner.
ICT & Educational Technology
Use digital tools with a clear learning purpose.
Take a small first step.
Explore worked examples and self-checks. English sources checked 18 October 2026.
Formative assessment: use evidence to choose the next teaching step
Formative assessment uses evidence gathered during learning to decide what teaching or practice should happen next. A question becomes useful when its answers help the teacher and learner act on a specific learning need.
Equivalent fractions: models, worked examples and common errors
Equivalent fractions are different fraction names for the same number. For a nonzero denominator, multiplying the numerator and denominator by the same nonzero integer preserves the value.
Classroom observation: record evidence before interpreting behaviour
An objective observation records what a learner does or says before offering an interpretation. Separating description from inference helps a teacher choose support without turning a brief event into a fixed label.
Principles of development: change, context and individual differences
Development involves changes in physical, cognitive, social and emotional functioning. A teacher uses developmental ideas to plan opportunities and support, rather than to predict every learner’s performance from age alone.
Piaget: cognitive development, schemas and classroom reasoning
Piaget proposed that children actively construct knowledge and that their reasoning changes through development. Use the theory to investigate how a learner thinks, while treating stage descriptions as theoretical patterns rather than fixed classroom labels.
Vygotsky: social learning, language and guided support
Vygotsky’s sociocultural account emphasises how interaction and cultural tools contribute to learning. Compare what a learner can do independently with what becomes possible through purposeful guidance.
Inclusive education: identify and reduce barriers to learning
A barrier to learning can arise when materials, instructions, environments or response methods prevent participation. Begin with the learning goal, then examine which parts of the task unnecessarily restrict access.
Language acquisition and learning in a multilingual classroom
Language develops through meaningful use as well as deliberate attention to words, patterns and texts. A teacher can connect everyday communication with planned language practice without treating a learner’s home language as a problem.
Reading comprehension: evidence, inference and main ideas
Reading comprehension involves constructing meaning from a text and checking that meaning against what the text says. Distinguish retrieving a stated detail, making a supported inference and identifying the main idea.
Place value: grouping, zero and flexible representations
In the base-ten system, a digit’s value depends on its position, and ten units of one place can be regrouped as one unit of the next. Connect written numbers with quantities before relying on a memorised place-value chart.
EVS pedagogy: observation, questions and local enquiry
An EVS enquiry begins with a question about the learner’s surroundings and uses observations or other evidence to explore it. Connect everyday experiences with careful recording, comparison and a proportionate conclusion.
Science enquiry: questions, fair comparisons and evidence
A fair comparison changes the factor being investigated while keeping other relevant conditions comparable. Use the results to evaluate a prediction, and distinguish what the evidence supports from what remains uncertain.
Social studies: use sources to build an explanation
A source becomes evidence when it is used to address a particular question. Ask who produced it, when, for what purpose and what other sources could support or challenge the proposed explanation.